Solar panel | Solar panel act as components that transform sunlight into electricity using solar cells. They serve as an green and alternative energy source, decreasing reliance on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel |
Solar thermal collector | A solar thermal collector is a system that collects sunlight to generate heat, typically used for hot water production or space heating applications. It effectively converts solar energy into thermal energy, decreasing reliance on conventional energy sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_collector |
Solar thermal energy | Solar heat harnesses sun rays to generate heat, which can be used for water heating, space heating, or electricity production. It is a sustainable and sustainable technology that reduces fossil fuel consumption and lowers GHG emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_energy |
Worthing | Worthing is a beautiful seaside town in the county of West Sussex, England, known for its historic pier and vibrant promenade. It offers a enchanting blend of golden sands, cultural attractions, and outdoor activities perfect for visitors and residents alike. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worthing |
England | The country of England is a historic nation in the UK known for its abundant cultural traditions, notable attractions, and lively cities like the capital. It boasts a varied scenery of gentle slopes, old castles, and bustling urban centers that mix history with contemporary advancements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England |
Sunlight | Sunlight is the environmental radiance emitted by the sun, vital for existence on Earth as it supplies power for photosynthesis and shapes climate and weather patterns. It also adds to our well-being by controlling our circadian rhythms and boosting vitamin D production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight |
Electricity | Electrical power is a kind of energy due to the motion of ions, primarily electrons. It drives numerous appliances and infrastructures, facilitating contemporary living and technological progress. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity |
Photovoltaic | Solar technology converts solar radiation directly into power using solar panels composed of semi-conductor materials. It is a sustainable energy source that reduces reliance on non-renewable fuels and helps mitigate ecological footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic |
Electrons | Electrons are subatomic particles with a opposite electric charge that orbit the nucleus of an atom, crucial in in chemical reactions and electricity. Their behavior and interactions determine the electrical conductivity and chemical properties of elements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrons |
Direct current | DC is the one-way stream of electric charge, typically produced by cell packs, electrical sources, and solar cells. It provides a steady voltage or current, making it necessary for electronic devices and low-voltage. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current |
Battery (electricity) | A cell is a device that holds chemical energy and changes it into current to operate various digital equipment. It includes multiple galvanic cells, each containing anode and cathode divided by an ionic solution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity) |
Photovoltaic system | A photovoltaic system converts solar radiation immediately into electricity using solar panels made of solar cells. It is an green energy solution that reduces reliance on fossil fuels and supports renewable power generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system |
Solar inverter | A solar power converter is a unit that changes DC generated by solar panels into AC fit for household use and utility connection. It plays a crucial role in maximizing energy efficiency and guaranteeing reliable, consistent power output from solar energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_inverter |
Alternating current | AC is an electric current that reverses direction cyclically, typically used in domestic and industrial power supplies. It permits effective transmission of electricity over long distances and is marked by its voltage and current waveforms, commonly sinusoidal. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current |
Charge controller | A charge regulator is a device that controls the voltage level and electric current coming from a solar panel to prevent batteries from overcharging and harm. It guarantees efficient energy transfer and extends the lifespan of the battery bank. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_controller |
Measuring instrument | A measuring instrument is a instrument used to determine the extent, volume, or level of something accurately. It includes instruments like rulers, climate gauges, and pressure gauges that provide accurate readings for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measuring_instrument |
Solar tracker | An solar tracker is a device that instantaneously its orientation of solar panels to track the sun's movement across the day, maximizing energy absorption. This system enhances the efficiency of solar power systems by keeping optimal sun exposure. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracker |
Solar farms | Solar farms are massive plants that capture sunlight to generate electricity using a multitude of solar panels. They supply a renewable and sustainable energy source, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and decreasing greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_farms |
Rooftop solar power | Solar power from rooftops involves setting up photovoltaic cells on building rooftops to create electricity from sunlight. This sustainable energy source helps reduce reliance on fossil fuels and decreases greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_power |
Grid-connected photovoltaic system | A grid-connected solar energy setup changes sunlight into electricity and feeds excess power directly into the utility grid, providing a sustainable energy solution. It improves energy efficiency and cuts down reliance on fossil fuels while enabling users to gain potential energy credits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid-connected_photovoltaic_system |
Greenhouse gas emissions | Greenhouse gas emissions refer to the release of gases such as CO2, methane, and nitrous oxide into the atmosphere, primarily from anthropogenic sources like burning fossil fuels and deforestation. These gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, leading to global warming and climate change. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions |
Solar power satellite | A solar energy satellite is an spacecraft equipped with solar arrays that absorb sunlight and generate power. This energy is then beamed to our planet for utilization as a sustainable energy source. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_satellite |
Home energy storage | Home power storage systems save excess electricity generated from renewable energy or the power grid for later use, boosting energy self-sufficiency and effectiveness. These installations typically utilize batteries to provide backup power, lower energy expenses, and assist grid stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_energy_storage |
Timeline of solar cells | The history of solar panels tracks the advancement and advancements in solar energy tech from the beginning finding of the photovoltaic effect to current advanced photovoltaic modules. It highlights key breakthroughs, including the development of the original silicon solar cell in 1954 and continuous innovations that have significantly enhanced power transformation and economic viability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_solar_cells |
Edmond Becquerel | Edmond Becquerel was a French-born scientist famous for his innovative work in the study of the solar effect and glow. His experiments laid the groundwork for understanding how light interacts with certain substances to generate electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_Becquerel |
Willoughby Smith | Willoughby Smith was a British electrician and scientist known for finding out the photo-conductive property of Se in 1873. His research laid the foundation for the development of the photoconductive cell and advancements in early photographic and electronic technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willoughby_Smith |
Selenium | The Selenium framework is an free platform used for automated testing of web browsers, allowing testers to mimic user interactions and verify web application functionalities. It supports multiple programming languages and browsers, making it a flexible tool for test automation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium |
William Grylls Adams | William Grylls Adams was a UK scientist renowned for his pioneering work in the study of light and optics, particularly the discovery of the polarization effect of luminescence reflected from clear materials. His research significantly contributed to the understanding of electromagnetic waves and the development of optics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grylls_Adams |
Charles Fritts | Charles Fritts was an United States creator who created the first working selenium solar cell in 1883. His pioneering work set the foundation for the modern photovoltaic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fritts |
Coal-fired power plant | An coal-powered power plant generates electricity by firing coal to produce steam that powers turbines connected to generators. This process releases large amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal-fired_power_plant |
Russell Ohl | Russell Ohl was an American scientist credited with identifying the solar cell and improving the understanding of semiconductors. His work laid the foundation for modern solar power technology and the development of silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Ohl |
Bell Labs | Bell Laboratories is a renowned innovative organization long-standing associated with AT&T, known for groundbreaking innovations in communications, computing, and materials research. It has been the source of countless groundbreaking inventions, including the transistor and the laser technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs |
Silicon | Silicon is a chemical element with the symbol Si and 14, famous for its crucial role in the production of electronic devices and solar panels. It is a hard, fragile crystalline material with a blue-grey sheen, predominantly employed as a semi-conductor in the technology sector. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon |
Micro-inverter | A small inverter is a small device installed on each solar module to transform direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) locally. This method enhances system performance, facilitates better system tracking, and improves energy yield in photovoltaic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-inverter |
Solar cell | A photovoltaic cell is a unit that turns sunlight immediately into electricity through the solar energy process. It is frequently used in solar panels to provide a sustainable and renewable energy source. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell |
PV system | A PV (photovoltaic) system converts over sunlight straight into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is a renewable energy technology that delivers renewable power for residential, commercial, and utility-scale applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PV_system |
Photon | A photon is a elementary particle representing a packet of light as well as other electromagnetic radiation, carrying with it energy and momentum and energy without possessing rest mass. It serves a crucial role in the interactions between matter and electromagnetic fields, enabling phenomena such as reflection, refraction, and quantum communication. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon |
Photovoltaic effect | The PV effect is the phenomenon by which specific substances turn sunlight straight into electricity through the generation of electron-hole pairs. This event is the basic principle behind solar cell technology, allowing the utilization of solar sunlight for electricity production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_effect |
Wafer (electronics) | An wafer in electrical engineering is a fine slice of chip material, typically silicon, used as the foundation for creating integrated circuits. It functions as the primary platform where integrated circuits are built through processes like doping, etching, and coating. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer_(electronics) |
Crystalline silicon | Crystalline silicon is a super pure form of silicon used mainly in the manufacturing of solar cells and electronic components due to its outstanding semiconductor properties. Its structured, neat crystal lattice enables effective electrical conductivity and energy conversion. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalline_silicon |
Thin film solar cell | Thin film solar cells are a type of photovoltaic technology characterized by their lightweight, bendable structure, and ability to be fabricated over extensive surfaces at a lower cost. They use layers of semiconductor materials a few micrometers thick to transform sunlight into usable electricity efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film_solar_cell |
Dead and live loads | Dead loads refer to the permanent forces exerted by the mass of structural elements and stationary equipment, while live loads are temporary forces such as occupants, furnishings, and environmental factors. Both are critical considerations in structural design to ensure safety and stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_and_live_loads |
Series and parallel circuits | Series circuits join components end-to-end, so the same current passes through all devices, while parallel circuits link components across the identical voltage source, allowing multiple paths for current. These arrangements influence the circuit's total resistance, current spread, and voltage drops. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_and_parallel_circuits |
Electric power | Electric power represents the velocity at which electric power is conveyed by an electric circuit, primarily used to operate devices and appliances. Produced through diverse origins such as fossil fuels, nuclear power, and sustainable sources, and crucial for today's lifestyle. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power |
Watt | A measure of power is a measure of power in the SI system, representing the measure of energy transfer or conversion. It is equal to one joule per second. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt |
Voltage | Voltage is the electrical pressure difference between two points, which causes the flow of electronic current in a circuit. It is measured in V and shows the power per unit charge available to move electrons. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage |
Volt | A voltage is the base unit of electric potential, potential difference, and EMF in the International System of Units. It measures the potential energy per coulomb between two points in an electrical circuit. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volt |
Electric current | Electrical current is the flow of electric charge through a metal wire, commonly measured in amps. It is crucial for supplying electronic devices and facilitating the working of electrical circuits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current |
Ampere | Ampere serves as the unit of electric current in the SI units, symbolized as A. It quantifies the movement of electric charge through a conductor over a time span. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampere |
Electrical load | Electrical load indicates the quantity of electrical power or current demanded by equipment and Electrical load in a circuit. It determines the design and power of power systems to maintain safe and cost-effective energy distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_load |
Junction box | A junction box is an electrical casing used to safely house wire connections, providing a main hub for wiring in electrical systems. It ensures neat and secure connections, preventing electrical hazards and facilitating maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junction_box |
MC4 connector | The MC4 is a conventional photovoltaic connector used to connect solar panels in a reliable and trustworthy manner. It features a click-in design with waterproof sealing, providing durability and effective electrical connection in outdoor solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MC4_connector |
USB power | USB power delivers a easy and standardized method of providing electrical energy to devices through universal ports. It is frequently used for charging and feeding a wide range of electronic gadgets, from smartphones to peripherals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_power |
Power inverter | A power inverter is a device that changes DC from sources like cells or photovoltaic arrays into AC suitable for home devices. It allows the application of common electrical appliances in environments where only DC power is accessible. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter |
Battery pack | A battery pack serves as a collection of multiple individual batteries created to store and supply electrical energy for multiple devices. It provides portable power solutions for electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_pack |
Solar tracking | Solar tracking systems automatically adjust the orientation of solar modules to monitor the sun movement throughout the daytime, enhancing solar energy capture. This technology increases the efficiency of solar power gathering by keeping ideal solar array alignment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracking |
Maximum power point tracking | Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a approach used to enhance the power output of photovoltaic systems by constantly tuning the working point to align with the maximum power point of the photovoltaic modules. This procedure provides the most efficient energy harvesting, especially under varying environmental conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_power_point_tracking |
Power optimizer | A power optimizer is a device used in solar energy systems to boost energy output by individually optimizing the performance of each solar panel. It improves overall system efficiency by minimizing energy loss caused by shading, dirt, or panel mismatch. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_optimizer |
Solar performance monitor | A solar power performance monitor is a device that tracks and analyzes the effectiveness of solar panel systems in instantaneous, providing important data on energy generation and system health. It helps maximize solar energy generation by detecting faults early and guaranteeing maximum performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_performance_monitor |
Thin-film solar cell | Lightweight solar cells are thin, multi-purpose photovoltaic devices made by depositing fine layers of semiconductor materials onto substrates. They offer a economical and versatile alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels, with applications in different portable and building-integrated energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_solar_cell |
Solar cells | Photovoltaic cells convert sunlight directly into electricity through the photoelectric effect, making them a renewable energy source. They are commonly used in solar arrays to power homes, electronic gadgets, and complete solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cells |
Polycrystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon, also known as polysilicon, is a substance composed of numerous tiny silicon lattice structures, commonly used in solar modules and semiconductor manufacturing. Its creation involves fusing and restructuring silicon to generate a ultra-pure, polycrystalline structure fit for electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycrystalline_silicon |
Monocrystalline silicon | Monocrystalline silicon is a ultra-pure type of silicon with a continuous lattice framework, making it highly efficient for use in photovoltaic modules and electronic components. Its homogeneous formation allows for enhanced electron flow, resulting in superior efficiency compared to alternative silicon forms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocrystalline_silicon |
Cadmium telluride photovoltaics | CdTe photovoltaics are a category of thin-film solar method that presents a affordable and high-performance alternative for extensive solar energy harvesting. They are recognized for their high absorption performance and relatively reduced manufacturing costs in comparison with traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride_photovoltaics |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cell | CuInGaSe2 solar cells are thin-film photovoltaic cells that utilize a multi-layered material of copper, In, Ga, and Se to transform sunlight into electricity effectively. They are known for their great light capturing efficiency, flexibility, and possibility for compact, economical solar power solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cell |
Amorphous silicon | Amorphous silicon is a disordered molecular structure, making it more adaptable and easier to deposit than structured silicon. It is often used in solar panels and electronic components due to its cost-effectiveness and adaptable features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphous_silicon |
Third-generation photovoltaic cell | Next-generation photovoltaic cells aim to outperform traditional solar cell efficiencies by utilizing state-of-the-art materials and new techniques such as multi-layered stacks, quantum dots, and organic-inorganic hybrids. These technologies focus on maximizing energy conversion, reducing costs, and increasing applicability to various environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-generation_photovoltaic_cell |
Multi-junction solar cell | Multi-structured solar panels are advanced photovoltaic devices that utilize multiple p-n connections stacked in tandem to collect a wider range of the solar spectrum, significantly increasing their efficiency. These are mainly used in space satellites and high-efficiency solar power systems due to their outstanding energy transformation capabilities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-junction_solar_cell |
Solar panels on spacecraft | Solar panels on spacecraft are vital components that transform sunlight into electrical energy to power onboard instrumentation. They are typically lightweight, robust, and built for efficient operation in the harsh environment of space. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panels_on_spacecraft |
Compound semiconductor | Compound semiconductors are materials composed of several elements, typically involving a metallic element and a non-metallic component, used in high-speed electronic and optoelectronic devices. They offer better performance in applications such as laser devices, LEDs, and high-frequency transistors compared to traditional silicon-based semiconductors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_semiconductor |
Gallium arsenide | Gallium arsenide is a compound-based semiconductor known for its excellent electron mobility and effectiveness in RF and optoelectronic applications. It is often used in devices such as microwave circuits, infrared LEDs, and solar cells. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium_arsenide |
Concentrator photovoltaics | Concentrator photovoltaics use optics or mirrors to direct sunlight onto very efficient multi-layer solar cells, substantially improving energy transformation efficiency. This technology is suitable for large capacity solar power plants in regions with direct sunlight, providing a economical solution for high-demand energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrator_photovoltaics |
Thin-film silicon | Ultralight silicon is a type of photovoltaic material used in solar cells, characterized by its compact and flexible form factor. It offers a economical alternative to traditional silicon wafers, with applications in BIPV and portable energy devices. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_silicon |
CIGS solar cell | CIGS thin-film solar cell utilize a delicate coating of CIGS compound as the light-absorbing layer, known for superior performance and adaptability. They offer a lightweight, cost-effective alternative to conventional silicon PV modules with reliable operation in diverse climates. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIGS_solar_cell |
Thin-film | Thin-film is a term for a delicate layer of material, often measured in nanometers or micrometers, used in multiple technological fields. These films are essential in electronic devices, light manipulation, and coverings for their distinctive physical and chemical properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film |
Rooftop solar PV | Rooftop solar PV systems harness sunlight to generate electricity directly on rooftops of buildings, providing a renewable and cost-effective energy solution. They help cut down dependence on fossil fuels, reduce electricity bills, and contribute to environmental conservation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_PV |
Thin film | A layer of material is a stratum of material spanning a few nanometers to a few microns in dimension, often placed on surfaces for functional purposes. These films are used in diverse fields, including electronics industry, optics, and medical applications, to change surface traits or create specific device functionalities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film |
Nanometers | Nanometric units are units of measurement the same as one-billionth of a meter, often utilized to depict extremely small distances at the atomic and molecular scale. They are essential in disciplines including nanotechnology, physics, and chemistry for measuring structures and particles at the nano dimension. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanometers |
Micrometers | Calipers are accurate devices used to accurately measure minute thicknesses or depths, commonly in machining and production. They feature a calibrated screw system that allows for accurate readings, often down to thousandths of an inch or hundredths of a millimeter. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrometers |
Silicon wafer | A silicon disc is a narrow, circular section of silicon crystal used as the foundation for fabricating semiconductor devices. It acts as the primary material in the creation of ICs and electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_wafer |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells | Copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) solar cells are compact photovoltaic devices known for their superior output and bendability, making them suitable for various uses. They use a stratified layered semiconductor setup that transforms sunlight straight into power with excellent effectiveness in low-light environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cells |
Multi-crystalline silicon | Multi-crystalline silicon silicon is a kind of silicon used in solar panels, characterized by its several crystal grains that give it a grainy appearance. It is noted for being cost-effective and having a relatively high efficiency in turning sunlight into energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-crystalline_silicon |
Solar PV systems | Photovoltaic systems convert sun rays directly into power using solar panels, offering a green energy source for home, commercial, and grid applications. They deliver a eco-friendly, renewable, and cost-effective way to cut down reliance on non-renewable energy sources and lower greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_PV_systems |
Perovskite solar cell | Perovskite solar cells are a type of photovoltaic technology that uses perovskite-structured compounds as the light-harvesting layer, known for their high efficiency and low-cost manufacturing. These cell have rapidly advanced in performance, making them a promising alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perovskite_solar_cell |
Dye-sensitized solar cell | A photo-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is a photovoltaic device that turns sunlight into electrical energy using a light-reactive dye to absorb light and produce electron flow. It offers a cost-effective and flexible alternative to conventional silicon-based solar cells, with potential for transparent and portable applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye-sensitized_solar_cell |
Quantum dot solar cell | Quantum dot solar cell cells utilize nanosized semiconductor particles to enhance light absorption and conversion efficiency through quantum confinement effects. This technology offers the potential for lower-cost, adaptable, and superior solar energy harvesting solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_dot_solar_cell |
Organic solar cell | Organic solar cells are photovoltaic units that utilize carbon-based compounds, to turn solar radiation into electric power. They are lightweight, flexible, and offer the potential for lower-cost, large-area solar energy applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_solar_cell |
CZTS | CZTS Cu) Zinc Tin Sulfide is a advantageous electronic substance used in thin-film solar cells due to its abundant and safe elements. Its favorable optical-electronic properties make it an appealing option for sustainable photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CZTS |
Building integrated photovoltaics | Building integrated photovoltaics solar-integrated building systems seamlessly incorporate photovoltaic technology into the design of building materials, such as rooftops, facades, and fenestration. This cutting-edge approach enhances energy efficiency while maintaining design elegance and structural performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_integrated_photovoltaics |
Transparency and translucency | Transparency allows light to penetrate a material with little distortion, making objects behind clearly visible. Translucency allows light to diffuse through, making detailed visibility obscured but yet still permitting shapes and light to transmit. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency |
Window tinting | Window film installation involves the process of applying a thin film to the inside or outside of automobiles or edifices panes to reduce glare, heat, and UV radiation. It boosts privacy, enhances energy efficiency, and provides a stylish aesthetic to any window. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_tinting |
List of photovoltaic power stations | A collection of photovoltaic power stations details various extensive solar energy plants around the globe, demonstrating their power and sites. These facilities play a crucial role in renewable energy production and worldwide efforts to reduce carbon emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaic_power_stations |
Photovoltaic power stations | Solar power facilities are large-scale facilities that transform sunlight directly into electricity using solar modules. They are crucial in sustainable power creation, lessening dependence on non-renewable energy sources, and reducing carbon footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_stations |
Environmental issues | Environmental issues encompass a wide range of problems such as pollution, climate change, and deforestation that threaten the health of our planet. Addressing these problems requires joint initiatives to promote green approaches and protect wild habitats. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues |
Renewable energy | Sustainable power comes from natural sources that are renewably replenished, such as solar radiation, air currents, and water. It offers a sustainable solution to traditional fuels, decreasing environmental harm and supporting long-term energy security. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy |
Non-renewable energy | Non-sustainable energy resources, such as coal, petroleum, and methane, are limited reserves formed over extensive periods and are depleted when used. They are the primary power sources for electrical energy and transportation but pose ecological and renewability challenges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_energy |
Electricity generation | Power production involves converting various energy types such as coal, oil, and natural gas, nuclear power, and green energy into electricity. This process usually takes place in power stations where turbines and generators work together to produce electric current for distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_generation |
Heavy metals | Heavy metals are dense, harmful elements such as lead, Hg, cadmium, and As that pose significant health and environmental risks due to their persistence and bioaccumulation. They are commonly found in industrial emissions, contaminated water, and certain consumer products, requiring careful management to prevent adverse effects. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metals |
Solar-cell efficiency | Solar panel effectiveness measures how efficiently a solar cell transforms sunlight into convertible power. Improving this Solar-cell efficiency is key for maximizing renewable energy generation and decreasing reliance on non-renewable resources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-cell_efficiency |
Photoelectric effect | The photoelectric effect occurs when radiation shining on a metal surface ejects electronic particles from that surface, demonstrating the particle nature of light. This occurrence provided critical proof for the development of quantum mechanics by showing that photon energy is discrete. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_effect |
Accelerated life testing | Enhanced life testing involves exposing products to increased stresses to rapidly assess their durability and forecast their lifespan under normal conditions. This method helps find potential failures and improve product reliability efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated_life_testing |
Growth of photovoltaics | The growth of solar energy systems has sped up rapidly over the past decade, driven by technological progress and decreasing costs. This expansion is changing the global energy landscape by boosting the share of clean solar power in electricity generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_of_photovoltaics |
Utility-scale solar | Utility-scale solar pertains to large solar power facilities intended to generate electricity on a business scale, supplying power directly to the grid. These installations typically cover vast areas and utilize PV modules or solar heating systems to produce renewable energy effectively. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility-scale_solar |
Lens (optics) | A optic is a clear instrument that bends light to bring together or separate rays, producing images. It is commonly used in instruments like photographic devices, glasses, and microscopes to manipulate light for better vision and imaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics) |
Angle of incidence (optics) | The incidence angle is the measure between an approaching light ray and the normal line perpendicular to the surface at the point of contact. It determines how light interacts with the surface, affecting reflection and refraction behaviors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_incidence_(optics) |
Anti-reflective coating | Anti-glare coating is a thin layer applied to optical surfaces to minimize reflections and increase light flow. It enhances the sharpness and illumination of lenses by cutting down on stray reflections. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-reflective_coating |
Destructive interference | Canceling interference occurs when a couple of waves meet in such a way that their amplitude levels cancel each other out, leading to a decrease or total eradication of the combined wave. This event usually happens when the waveforms are out of phase by 180 degrees. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destructive_interference |
Alternating Current | Alternating current is an electric current that alternates direction, typically used in electrical distribution networks. Its voltage varies in a sinusoidal pattern throughout its cycle, allowing cost-effective transfer over long distances. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_Current |
Microinverter | A compact inverter is a small entity used to change direct current (DC) from a individual solar module into AC suitable for domestic use. It boosts system performance by maximizing energy production at the module level and eases setup and upkeep. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microinverter |
AC power | AC electrical energy, or AC electrical energy, is electricity delivered through a network where the voltage level and electric current cyclically reverse polarity, enabling optimized transmission over long distances. It is frequently used in homes and factories to operate multiple appliances and machinery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_power |
DC connector | A DC plug is a category of electrical plug used to deliver direct current (DC) power from a power supply to an device. It usually consists of a cylindrical plug and jack that ensure a secure and dependable attachment for different electronic purposes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_connector |
Underwriters Laboratories | UL is a global protection certification organization that evaluates and approves products to ensure they comply with certain safety standards. It supports consumers and companies recognize reliable and secure products through rigorous review and testing procedures. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwriters_Laboratories |
Series circuits | Series circuits are electronic circuits in which elements are connected end-to-end, forming a single path for current. In this configuration, the identical current passes through all elements, and the sum voltage is divided among them. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_circuits |
Parallel circuits | Parallel circuits are electronic circuits where components are connected across the same voltage source, giving multiple routes for current flow. This configuration allows components to operate autonomously, with the total current divided among the branches. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_circuits |
Diode | An diode serves as a solid-state device that permits current to pass in a single way exclusively, serving as a unidirectional valve for electrical current. It is commonly used for rectification, signal demodulation, and voltage regulation in electrical circuits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode |
Automobile auxiliary power outlet | An car auxiliary power outlet is a socket, typically 12-volt, intended to supply electrical power for different devices and accessories within a automobile. It allows users to power electronic devices or run small electronics during on the move. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_auxiliary_power_outlet |
USB | USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a standard for connecting peripheral hardware to computing systems, enabling data transmission and power supply. It supports a variety of peripherals such as input devices, mouses, external drives, and cell phones, with various generations providing faster speeds and improved performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB |
Solar cell efficiency | Solar cell efficiency refers to the percentage of sunlight energy that a photovoltaic cell converts into usable energy. Boosting this efficiency is crucial for maximizing energy generation and making solar power more cost-effective and sustainable. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell_efficiency |
National Renewable Energy Laboratory | The NREL is a U.S. Department of Energy national laboratory dedicated to research and development in green energy and energy efficiency technologies. It focuses on breakthroughs in solar power, wind power, biomass energy, and other sustainable energy sources to support a sustainable energy future. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory |
Electromagnetic spectrum | The EM spectrum encompasses all types of electromagnetic radiation, spanning from wireless signals to gamma rays, all possessing different lengths and energy levels. This band is crucial to many technologies and the natural world, allowing data exchange, medical imaging, and insight into the universe. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum |
Ultraviolet | Ultraviolet light is a kind of EM radiation with a wave length shorter than visible light but longer than X ray radiation, primarily emitted by the sun. It has a important role in such as vitamin D production but can also result in skin damage and photoaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet |
Infrared | Infrared radiation is a category of electromagnetic wave with greater wavelengths than visible light, primarily emitted as heat by objects. It is widely used in remote controls, thermal imaging, and various sensing technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared |
Monochromatic | Single-hued refers to a color palette based on alterations of a individual hue, using diverse shades, tints, and tones to create harmony and unity. This design approach emphasizes minimalism and elegance by maintaining consistent color elements throughout a layout. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochromatic |
Irradiance | Irradiance refers to the intensity of electromagnetic radiation per square unit incident on a surface, usually measured in watts per square meter. It is a crucial parameter in areas like solar energy, climate science, and photobiology, showing the strength of sunlight reaching a given area. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiance |
W/m2 | watts per square meter is a standard unit used to measure the intensity of power or energy flow received or emitted over a specific surface, commonly in areas such as meteorology, astronomy, and engineering. It helps in understanding the dispersion and conveyance of energy across areas, such as solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W/m2 |
Spectrum | Spectrum refers to the range of various colors or wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation, visible or otherwise. It is frequently used to depict the spread of light or signal bandwidths in various scientific and technological contexts. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum |
Airmass | An air mass is a big volume of air with relatively uniform temp and humidity characteristics, deriving from from specific origin regions. These airmass affect weather systems and air states as they move across diverse areas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airmass |
Solar irradiance | Sun's energy output is the measure of the energy per square meter received from the solar source in the type of electromagnetic radiation. It varies with solar cycles and Earth's weather systems, affecting climate and weather patterns. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance |
Soiling (solar energy) | Dirt buildup in solar power refers to the buildup of dirt, and other particles on the panels of solar panels, which decreases their performance. Regular cleaning and care are essential to reduce energy waste and guarantee maximum performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soiling_(solar_energy) |
Open-circuit voltage | Open-circuit voltage refers to the maximum voltage accessible from a power source when no current is flowing, measured across its terminals. It shows the potential difference of a device when it is disconnected from any load. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-circuit_voltage |
Short-circuit current | Short-circuit current is the highest electrical current that travels through a circuit when a reduced resistance connection, or short circuit, takes place, skipping the normal load. It presents a major safety hazard and can lead to damage to electrical components if not properly controlled. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-circuit_current |
Watt-peak | Watt-peak (W_peak) is a assessment of the peak power capacity of a solar array under ideal sunlight conditions. It indicates the array's peak ability to produce electricity in conventional testing environments . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt-peak |
Voltmeter | A Volt meter is an measuring tool used to measure the electrical potential between two points in a electrical system. It is commonly used in different electrical and electronic fields to maintain proper voltage levels | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltmeter |
Potential-induced degradation | Potential-induced degradation (PID) is a problem in solar modules where elevated voltage stress causes a notable reduction in energy production and performance. It occurs due to leakage current and ion movement within the photovoltaic materials, leading to degradation over time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential-induced_degradation |
Boron | Boron is considered a semi metallic element necessary for plant growth and used in various industrial uses, like glassmaking and semiconductor manufacturing. It possesses distinctive chemical properties that render it beneficial in creating long-lasting, heatproof materials. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron |
Photovoltaic mounting system | A solar panel mounting system securely supports solar panels, ensuring optimal tilt and orientation for maximum sunlight exposure. It is designed to withstand weather conditions while providing a solid and durable foundation for solar energy installations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_mounting_system |
Solar power plant | A solar power plant captures sunlight using large collections of photovoltaic panels to generate renewable electricity. It offers an green energy source, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and decreasing greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_plant |
Agrivoltaics | Agrivoltaics is the consolidated method of using land for both solar energy output and farming, maximizing space and resources. This strategy boosts crop production while concurrently producing renewable energy, encouraging sustainable land use. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrivoltaics |
Bifacial solar cells | Bifacial solar panels are solar energy devices able to absorb sunlight from both their front and rear surfaces, boosting overall energy generation. They are usually installed in a way that enhances performance by utilizing albedo mirroring and reflected rays from the environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifacial_solar_cells |
Solar canopy | A sun-powered canopy is a structure that provides shelter while producing electricity through integrated solar panels. It is commonly installed in parking lots, walkways, or open spaces to blend environmental benefits with functional design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_canopy |
Solar array | A solar panel setup is a group of multiple solar modules arranged to generate electricity from sunlight. It is often used in green energy setups to deliver clean, sustainable power for multiple applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_array |
Patio cover | A patio shield is a framework that provides shade and cover from the weather for exterior areas. It enhances the practicality and look of a terrace, making it a cozy zone for leisure and gatherings. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patio_cover |
Zenith angle | The angle measured from directly overhead is the angle between the upright line directly overhead and the line of sight to a heavenly body. It is used in astronomy and meteorology to indicate the position of celestial entities in the heavens relative to an observer. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenith_angle |
Azimuth angle | The horizontal bearing is a horizontal angle measured clockwise from a reference direction, typically true north, to the line linking an viewer to a destination. It is frequently used in wayfinding, mapping, and astronomy to indicate the bearing of an object with respect to the observer. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimuth_angle |
Occupational hazards of solar panel installation | Installing solar panels exposes workers to risks such as fall hazards and electrical shocks, requiring proper safety measures. Additionally, exposure to severe weather and potential musculoskeletal injuries pose significant workplace risks in solar panel setup. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_hazards_of_solar_panel_installation |
Cadmium telluride | Cadmium telluride is a electronic substance extensively utilized in thin film solar cells due to its superior efficiency and cost efficiency. It demonstrates outstanding optical features, making it a popular choice for photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride |
List of photovoltaics companies | A catalog of photovoltaics companies highlights the major manufacturers and suppliers focused on solar panel technology and renewable energy solutions across the globe. These companies play a crucial role in advancing solar energy adoption and innovation across multiple markets. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaics_companies |
Gigawatt | A GW is a measure of power equal to a billion watts, used to measure big power generation output and utilization. It is commonly associated with electricity stations, electricity networks, and major power projects worldwide. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigawatt |
First Solar | First Solar Inc is a global leader in solar power solutions, specializing in making thin film-based solar cells that deliver high-performance and economical energy production. The firm is committed to eco-friendly renewable energy advancement and reducing the world's reliance on fossil fuels through advanced solar technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Solar |
GCL System Integration Technology | GCL System Integration Technology focuses in effortlessly connecting various parts of manufacturing and automation systems to improve efficiency and reliability. It aims on creating cutting-edge solutions that promote seamless communication and compatibility among diverse technological platforms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCL_System_Integration_Technology |
Shunfeng Photovoltaic | Shunfeng Photovoltaic stands as a prominent Chinese company expert in producing and developing photovoltaic solar items and systems. Renowned for its advanced technology and sustainable energy initiatives in the renewables industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunfeng_Photovoltaic |
GigaWatt | GigaWatt is a measurement of energy equal to 1,000,000,000 W, often used to describe the ability of large-scale electricity production or usage. It emphasizes the vast energy magnitude involved in current power infrastructure and technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GigaWatt |
Experience curve effects | Learning curve effects refer to the concept where the production cost decreases as total output increases, due to gaining knowledge and optimization obtained over time. This phenomenon highlights the importance of accumulated experience in cutting expenses and enhancing efficiency in industrial processes and other operations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experience_curve_effects |
Photovoltaics | Photovoltaic systems turn sunlight immediately into electricity through semiconductor substances, primarily silicon. This technology is a clean, renewable energy source that helps cut down reliance on fossil fuels and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics |
Grid parity | Grid parity occurs when the price of producing solar or wind energy is equal to or lower than the expense of buying power from the power grid. Achieving grid parity indicates that sustainable energy technologies are financially comparable with fossil fuel-based fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_parity |
Mains electricity | Mains electricity is the primary electrical power supplied to residences and enterprises through a grid of power lines, delivering a consistent source of energy for numerous appliances. It typically operates at a voltage of around 120V or 230V, depending on the country, and is transmitted through alternating current. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mains_electricity |
Balance of system | Balance of system (BOS) refers to all parts of a solar power system apart from the photovoltaic panels, comprising inverters, racking, wiring, and additional electrical hardware. It is vital for guaranteeing the effective and consistent operation of a solar energy installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_of_system |
Solar energy | The sun's power is captured from the solar radiation using solar cells to convert electricity or through solar heating systems to generate heat. It represents a renewable, renewable, and eco-conscious energy source that decreases dependence on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy |
Applications of photovoltaics | Photovoltaics are commonly employed in home, commercial, and manufacturing sites to generate renewable, sustainable electricity from sunlight. They also supply remote and off-grid locations, delivering sustainable energy solutions where conventional power grids are absent. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications_of_photovoltaics |
List of solar-powered products | A list of solar energy items features a variety of devices that harness sunlight to convert energy, encouraging green and renewable living. These items include ranging from solar chargers and lights to home equipment and outdoor gear, providing versatile options for power needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_solar-powered_products |
Photovoltaic power station | An solar energy facility is a installation that generates sunlight directly into electricity using solar modules. It is a sustainable energy source that helps reduce reliance on fossil fuels and limits greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_station |
Solar hybrid power systems | Solar hybrid power systems merge solar panels with alternative energy sources, such as wind or diesel generators, to deliver a reliable and efficient power supply. They enhance energy use by managing renewable resources and backup options, decreasing reliance on fossil fuels and cutting overall emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_hybrid_power_systems |
Concentrated photovoltaics | Concentrated photovoltaics utilize optical lenses or reflectors to focus solar radiation on high-performance photovoltaic cells, considerably increasing power output using less space. This method is particularly effective where bright, direct sunlight and offers a viable solution to cut solar power costs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrated_photovoltaics |