Solar panel | Solar panel serve as components that transform sunlight to electricity using PV cells. These are an environmentally friendly and renewable energy source, minimizing reliance on non-renewable energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel |
Solar thermal collector | A solar thermal collector is a apparatus that absorbs sunlight to generate heat, usually used for hot water production or room heating applications. It efficiently converts solar energy into thermal energy, decreasing reliance on traditional energy sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_collector |
Solar thermal energy | Sun-powered thermal energy harnesses solar radiation to generate heat, which can be used for hot water production, space heating, or electricity production. It is a renewable and eco-friendly technology that reduces dependence on fossil fuels and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_energy |
Worthing | Worthing is a picturesque seaside town in West Sussex County, England, known for its historic pier and vibrant promenade. It offers a enchanting blend of sandy beaches, cultural attractions, and outdoor activities perfect for visitors and residents alike. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worthing |
England | England is a historic and historic-influenced nation in the UK known for its rich cultural heritage, famous sights, and lively cities like London. It boasts a varied scenery of undulating terrain, old castles, and bustling urban centers that blend history with modern innovation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England |
Sunlight | Solar light is the organic illumination emitted by the sun, vital for life on Earth as it provides power for photosynthesis and influences climate and weather patterns. It also contributes to our well-being by regulating our circadian rhythms and boosting vitamin D production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight |
Electricity | Electromagnetic energy is a kind of power resulting from the flow of electrically charged entities, primarily electrons. It drives countless appliances and systems, supporting modern life and tech innovations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity |
Photovoltaic | Photovoltaic technology converts sunlight directly into electricity using solar panels composed of semi-conductor materials. It is a sustainable power source that reduces reliance on fossil fuels and helps mitigate ecological footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic |
Electrons | Electrons are fundamental particles with a opposite electric charge that circulate around the nucleus of an atom, important for in chemical reactions and electricity. Their behavior and interactions influence the electrical conductivity and chemical properties of elements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrons |
Direct current | Direct current is the single-direction movement of electric charge, usually produced by battteries, power supplies, and solar cells. It provides a steady voltage or current, causing it essential for electronic devices and low-voltage. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current |
Battery (electricity) | A power source is a unit that accumulates chemical energy and changes it into electrical energy to operate various electronic devices. It consists of multiple galvanic cells, each comprising positive and negative electrodes divided by an electrolyte. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity) |
Photovoltaic system | A solar power system converts sunlight directly into power using solar panels made of solar cells. It is an eco-friendly power solution that reduces reliance on fossil fuels and supports renewable energy production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system |
Solar inverter | A photovoltaic inverter is a instrument that transforms direct current (DC) created by solar panels into AC suitable for household use and grid integration. It is vital for optimizing energy use and guaranteeing safe, dependable energy output from solar energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_inverter |
Alternating current | Alternating current is an electric current that reverses polarity periodically, typically used in home and commercial power supplies. It allows for efficient transmission of electricity over great lengths and is defined by its voltage and current waveforms, commonly sinusoidal. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current |
Charge controller | A power management device is a device that regulates the voltage and current coming from a solar panel to avoid batteries from excess charging and harm. It ensures optimal energy flow and extends the lifespan of the battery array. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_controller |
Measuring instrument | A measurement device is a instrument used to measure the extent, volume, or intensity of something accurately. It includes tools like scales, temperature sensors, and pressure gauges that provide precise readings for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measuring_instrument |
Solar tracker | An solar tracker is a mechanism that automatically the orientation of solar panels to track the sun's movement throughout the day, enhancing energy absorption. This system enhances the efficiency of solar power systems by ensuring best sun exposure. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracker |
Solar farms | Photovoltaic installations are large-scale facilities that capture sunlight to create electricity using numerous solar panels. They supply a sustainable and sustainable energy power, cutting down reliance on non-renewable energy sources and lowering greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_farms |
Rooftop solar power | Solar power from rooftops involves setting up photovoltaic cells on building roofs to generate electricity from sunlight. This renewable energy source helps reduce reliance on fossil fuels and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_power |
Grid-connected photovoltaic system | An grid-connected solar energy setup transforms sunlight into electricity and feeds excess power directly into the utility grid, providing a eco-friendly energy solution. It improves energy efficiency and reduces reliance on fossil fuels while enabling users to benefit from potential energy credits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid-connected_photovoltaic_system |
Greenhouse gas emissions | Greenhouse gas emissions refer to the release of gases such as carbon dioxide, CH4, and N2O into the atmosphere, primarily from anthropogenic sources like burning fossil fuels and tree clearing. These gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, contributing to global warming and climate change. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions |
Solar power satellite | A solar satellite is an artificial satellite equipped with solar arrays that collect sunlight and transform into electrical energy. This electricity is then beamed to our planet for utilization as a sustainable energy source. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_satellite |
Home energy storage | Residential energy storage solutions retain excess electricity generated from renewable sources or the grid for later use, boosting energy self-sufficiency and effectiveness. These solutions generally use batteries to offer backup power, lower energy expenses, and assist grid stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_energy_storage |
Timeline of solar cells | The history of solar cells documents the advancement and advancements in photovoltaic technology from the early discovery of the photovoltaic effect to contemporary advanced solar panels. It features key innovations, including the creation of the original silicon solar cell in 1954 and persistent developments that have substantially improved energy transformation and cost efficiency. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_solar_cells |
Edmond Becquerel | Edmond Becquerel was a French physicist by profession noted for his groundbreaking work in the study of the photovoltaic effect and luminescent phenomena. His research laid the basis for understanding how illumination interacts with specific media to generate electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_Becquerel |
Willoughby Smith | Smith was a UK electrician and researcher known for finding out the photo-conductive property of selenium in 1873. His work laid the foundation for the creation of the photo-sensitive device and advancements in initial photography and electronic technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willoughby_Smith |
Selenium | The Selenium framework is an open-source framework used for automated testing of web browsers, allowing testers to simulate user interactions and test web application functionalities. It supports various programming languages and web browsers, making it a flexible tool for test automation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium |
William Grylls Adams | William Grylls Adams was a British physicist renowned for his pioneering work in the study of light and optics, particularly the discovery of the polarization of light reflected from transparent materials. His research significantly contributed to the understanding of electromagnetic waves and the development of optical science. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grylls_Adams |
Charles Fritts | Charles Fritts was an United States inventor who developed the initial working selenium solar cell in 1883. His groundbreaking work established the foundation for the contemporary photovoltaic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fritts |
Coal-fired power plant | An coal-burning power plant generates electricity by combusting coal to produce steam that rotates turbines connected to generators. This process releases significant amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal-fired_power_plant |
Russell Ohl | Russell Ohl was an American scientist credited with discovering the solar cell and advancing the understanding of semiconductor. His work formed the basis of modern solar power technology and the development of silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Ohl |
Bell Labs | Bell Laboratories is a renowned research and development organization long-standing associated with AT&T, known for pioneering innovations in communications, computing, and materials research. It has been the birthplace of numerous groundbreaking inventions, including the transistor and the laser. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs |
Silicon | Silicon is a element with the symbol Si and 14, well known for its essential role in the fabrication of electronics and solar modules. It is a solid, brittle crystalline solid with a steel-gray shine, mainly utilized as a semiconductor in the tech industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon |
Micro-inverter | A micro-inverter is a little device installed on each photovoltaic panel to convert direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) at the location. This approach increases system performance, allows for enhanced system tracking, and improves energy yield in photovoltaic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-inverter |
Solar cell | A solar panel is a component that transforms sunlight immediately into electricity through the photoelectric effect. It is often used in solar arrays to provide a renewable and eco-friendly energy source. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell |
PV system | A PV (photovoltaic) system converts over sunlight immediately into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is a renewable energy technology that provides eco-friendly power for residential, commercial, and utility-scale applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PV_system |
Photon | An photon is a elementary particle representing a packet of light and other electromagnetic radiation, carrying energy and momentum without containing rest mass. It has a crucial role in the interactions between matter and electromagnetic fields, facilitating phenomena including reflection, refraction, and quantum communication. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon |
Photovoltaic effect | The solar photoelectric effect is the phenomenon by which certain materials transform sunlight straight into electricity through the generation of charge carriers. This phenomenon is the basic foundation behind solar cell technology, enabling the utilization of solar solar power for power generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_effect |
Wafer (electronics) | A wafer in electrical engineering is a slim slice of chip material, typically silicon, used as the substrate for creating integrated circuits. It functions as the main platform where microprocessors are built through methods like doping, etching, and layering. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer_(electronics) |
Crystalline silicon | Crystalline silicon is a super pure form of silicon used mainly in the manufacturing of solar cells and electronic systems due to its outstanding semiconductor properties. Its structured, neat crystal lattice enables effective electrical conductivity and energy conversion. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalline_silicon |
Thin film solar cell | Thin-film photovoltaic devices are a type of solar energy technology characterized by their light, pliable configuration, and ability to be fabricated over extensive surfaces at a reduced expense. They use strata of semiconductor substances a few micrometers thick to convert sunlight into electricity efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film_solar_cell |
Dead and live loads | Dead loads refer to the permanent forces exerted by the mass of structural elements and permanent equipment, while live loads are temporary forces such as users, furniture, and external influences. Both are critical considerations in structural design to maintain safety and stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_and_live_loads |
Series and parallel circuits | Series circuits join components end-to-end, so the same current flows through all devices, while parallel circuits connect components between the same voltage source, allowing multiple paths for current. These arrangements influence the circuit's overall resistance, current distribution, and voltage drops. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_and_parallel_circuits |
Electric power | Electric power refers to the velocity at which electrical energy is transferred by an electric circuit, primarily used to operate devices and appliances. Produced through diverse origins such as carbon-based fuels, atomic energy, and renewable energy, and fundamental for modern life. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power |
Watt | A measure of power is a unit of energy conversion in the metric system, showing the speed of energy transfer or transformation. It is equal to one joule per second. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt |
Voltage | Voltage is the electrical pressure difference between two points, which drives the flow of electric current in a circuit. It is measured in V and represents the power per single charge accessible to shift electrons. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage |
Volt | A voltage is the derived unit of electrical potential, electric potential difference, and electromotive force in the International System of Units. It measures the electric energy per unit charge between points in an circuit. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volt |
Electric current | Electrical current is the passage of electrical charge through a conductor, commonly measured in amperes. It is necessary for energizing electronic equipment and enabling the working of electronic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current |
Ampere | Amp represents the measure of electrical current in the International System of Units, represented by A. It indicates the flow of electrical charge through a conductor over a duration. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampere |
Electrical load | Electrical load refers to the amount of electrical power or current demanded by appliances and Electrical load in a circuit. It determines the design and power of power systems to ensure secure and efficient energy distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_load |
Junction box | A electrical box is an electrical casing used to safely house wire connections, providing a core for wiring in electrical systems. It ensures structured and reliable connections, preventing electrical hazards and facilitating maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junction_box |
MC4 connector | The MC4 plug is a uniform photovoltaic connector used to attach solar panels in a safe and trustworthy manner. It features a clip-in design with waterproof sealing, ensuring durability and effective electrical connection in outdoor solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MC4_connector |
USB power | USB power offers a simple and uniform method of supplying electrical energy to devices through common ports. It is often used for powering and energizing a extensive range of electronic gadgets, from smartphones to peripherals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_power |
Power inverter | A power inverter is a instrument that changes DC from sources like accumulators or photovoltaic arrays into alternating current (AC) suitable for household appliances. It allows the application of standard electrical devices in settings where only DC energy is accessible. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter |
Battery pack | A battery pack serves as a collection of numerous individual batteries designed to store and supply electrical energy for various devices. This provides portable power solutions for electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_pack |
Solar tracking | Sun tracking devices automatically align the position of photovoltaic panels to track the solar trajectory throughout the day, optimizing power intake. This innovation increases the performance of photovoltaic energy harvesting by maintaining ideal solar array alignment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracking |
Maximum power point tracking | Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a technique used to enhance the energy production of solar panel setups by continuously adjusting the operating point to correspond to the maximum power point of the solar cells. This process ensures the best performance power harvesting, especially under varying environmental conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_power_point_tracking |
Power optimizer | A power optimizer is a device used in solar energy systems to maximize energy output by individually tailored improving the performance of each solar panel. It increases overall system efficiency by reducing energy loss caused by shading, dirt, or panel mismatch. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_optimizer |
Solar performance monitor | A solar performance monitor is a device that monitors and analyzes the efficiency of photovoltaic panel systems in live, delivering valuable data on energy generation and system health. It aids optimize solar energy output by spotting problems early and guaranteeing optimal output. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_performance_monitor |
Thin-film solar cell | Lightweight solar cells are flexible, versatile photovoltaic devices made by depositing fine layers of semiconductor materials onto substrates. They offer a affordable and flexible alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels, with applications in multiple portable and building-integrated energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_solar_cell |
Solar cells | Solar cells convert sunlight directly into electricity through the photovoltaic effect, making them a sustainable energy source. They are frequently used in solar arrays to power homes, devices, and complete solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cells |
Polycrystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon, also known as polysilicon, is a compound composed of countless small silicon crystal structures, typically used in photovoltaic panels and microchip production. Its manufacturing process involves liquefying and recrystallizing silicon to create a pure, polycrystalline form fit for microelectronic devices. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycrystalline_silicon |
Monocrystalline silicon | Mono silicon is a high-purity form of silicon with a uniform lattice framework, making it highly efficient for use in photovoltaic modules and electronic devices. Its homogeneous framework allows for better electron transfer, resulting in better efficiency compared to alternative silicon forms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocrystalline_silicon |
Cadmium telluride photovoltaics | Cadmium telluride photovoltaics are a kind of film solar method that provides a economical and high-performance solution for large-scale solar energy harvesting. They are recognized for their great absorption capability and moderately affordable manufacturing expenses compared to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride_photovoltaics |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cell | CuInGaSe2 solar cells are laminate photovoltaic cells that use a composite material of copper, indium, Ga, and selenium to transform sunlight into energy efficiently. They are known for their great light capturing efficiency, bendability, and potential for compact, affordable solar energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cell |
Amorphous silicon | Amorphous form of silicon is a amorphous atomic configuration, making it easier to handle and easier to deposit than ordered silicon. It is often used in solar panels and electronic systems due to its economic advantage and flexible properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphous_silicon |
Third-generation photovoltaic cell | Advanced-generation photovoltaic modules aim to outperform traditional solar cell efficiencies by utilizing state-of-the-art materials and innovative techniques such as stacked stacks, quantum dots, and organic-inorganic hybrids. These technologies focus on maximizing energy conversion, reducing costs, and broadening applicability to various environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-generation_photovoltaic_cell |
Multi-junction solar cell | Multi-junction solar cells are advanced photovoltaic devices that use multiple p-n junctions arranged in tandem to capture a wider range of the solar spectrum, substantially boosting their efficiency. They are primarily used in space applications and advanced solar power installations due to their excellent energy transformation capabilities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-junction_solar_cell |
Solar panels on spacecraft | Solar panels on spacecraft are essential devices that generate sunlight into electrical energy to supply onboard equipment. They are typically lightweight, robust, and designed to operate efficiently in the harsh environment of space. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panels_on_spacecraft |
Compound semiconductor | Compound semiconductors are substances composed of several elements, typically involving a metal and a non-metallic component, used in high-speed electronic and optoelectronic devices. They offer enhanced performance in applications such as lasers, LEDs, and high-speed transistors compared to traditional silicon-based semiconductors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_semiconductor |
Gallium arsenide | Gallium arsenide is a compound semiconductor famous for its great electron mobility and effectiveness in high-speed and optoelectronic applications. It is frequently used in components such as microwave circuits, infrared LEDs, and solar cells. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium_arsenide |
Concentrator photovoltaics | CPV use optics or reflectors to focus sunlight onto superior efficiency multi-band solar cells, substantially improving energy transformation efficiency. This technology is perfect for large capacity solar power plants in zones with direct sunlight, offering a economical solution for intensive energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrator_photovoltaics |
Thin-film silicon | Ultralight silicon is a type of photovoltaic material used in solar cells, characterized by its slim and bendable form factor. It offers a affordable alternative to traditional silicon wafers, with applications in building-integrated photovoltaics and mobile energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_silicon |
CIGS solar cell | CIGS photovoltaic cell utilize a delicate coating of copper indium gallium selenide as the light-absorbing layer, known for superior performance and adaptability. They offer a lightweight, budget-friendly alternative to standard silicon solar arrays with reliable operation in various environmental conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIGS_solar_cell |
Thin-film | Thin-film refers to a fine layer of material, often measured in nanometers or micrometers, used in various technological applications. These layers are crucial in electronic systems, light manipulation, and coatings for their special physical and chemical characteristics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film |
Rooftop solar PV | Building-mounted solar PV systems harness the sun's rays to generate electricity directly on structure roofs, providing a sustainable and cost-effective energy solution. They help decrease use of fossil fuels, reduce electricity bills, and contribute to eco-preservation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_PV |
Thin film | A thin film is a stratum of compound covering tiny nanometric scales to several micrometers in thickness, often placed on surfaces for functional purposes. These coatings are used in multiple sectors, including electronics, optical technologies, and medicine, to modify surface characteristics or create specific device functionalities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film |
Nanometers | Nano units are measurement units equivalent to one-billionth of a meter, commonly used to describe minuscule distances at the atomic and molecular scale. They are crucial in disciplines including nanotechnology, physics, and chemistry for measuring structures and particles at the nano dimension. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanometers |
Micrometers | Calipers are high-precision gauges used to exactly measure tiny gaps or widths, typically in mechanical engineering and fabrication. They feature a adjusted screw system that allows for precise readings, often down to thousandths of an inch or hundredths of a millimeter. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrometers |
Silicon wafer | A silicon wafer is a slender, ring-shaped segment of silicon crystal used as the platform for fabricating semiconductor devices. It serves as the foundational material in the fabrication of semiconductor chips and electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_wafer |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells | CIGS photovoltaic cells are compact photovoltaic devices known for their excellent performance and bendability, ideal for various uses. They employ a stratified layered semiconductor setup that transforms sunlight directly into electrical energy with outstanding effectiveness in low-light settings. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cells |
Multi-crystalline silicon | Multi-crystalline silicon is a type of silicon used in photovoltaic panels, characterized by its several crystal grains that give it a grainy appearance. It is known for being cost-effective and having a comparatively high efficiency in turning sunlight into energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-crystalline_silicon |
Solar PV systems | Solar PV systems convert solar energy directly into power using PV cells, offering a renewable energy source for residential, business, and large-scale applications. They offer a environmentally friendly, renewable, and economical way to decrease reliance on non-renewable energy sources and lower greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_PV_systems |
Perovskite solar cell | Perovskite solar cells are a type of photovoltaic technology that uses perovskite-structured compounds as the light-harvesting layer, known for their high efficiency and low-cost manufacturing. These cell have rapidly advanced in performance, making them a promising alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perovskite_solar_cell |
Dye-sensitized solar cell | A photo-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is a photovoltaic device that converts sunlight into electrical energy using a light-reactive dye to absorb light and create electron flow. It offers a cost-effective and adaptable alternative to standard silicon-based solar cells, with possibility for transparent and lightweight applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye-sensitized_solar_cell |
Quantum dot solar cell | Quantum dot solar cell cells utilize nanos semiconductor particles to enhance light absorption and energy conversion through quantum confinement effects. This technology offers the possibility for lower-cost, adaptable, and highly efficient solar energy harvesting solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_dot_solar_cell |
Organic solar cell | Organic PV cells are solar cells that use carbon-based molecules, to transform sunlight into electricity. They are easy to handle, bendable, and provide cost-effective, extensive solar energy applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_solar_cell |
CZTS | CZTS Cu) Zinc Tin Sulfide is a promising photovoltaic compound used in thin-film solar panels due to its earth-abundant and safe elements. Its favorable optoelectronic properties make it an desirable option for eco-friendly photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CZTS |
Building integrated photovoltaics | Building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) seamlessly incorporate solar energy technology into the design of construction components, such as roofing, outer walls, and glazing. This innovative approach enhances power savings while maintaining design elegance and structural performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_integrated_photovoltaics |
Transparency and translucency | Transparency permits light to penetrate a material bearing minimal distortion, rendering objects behind easily seen. Translucency permits light to spread through, making detailed visibility obscured but still allowing shapes and light to pass through. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency |
Window tinting | Vehicle and building window film application involves applying a thin film to the interior or exterior of cars or structures windows to cut down on glare, heat, and UV rays. It boosts privacy, improves energy efficiency, and provides a modern aesthetic to any window. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_tinting |
List of photovoltaic power stations | A catalog of photovoltaic power stations overview various extensive solar energy facilities around the planet, highlighting their output and sites. These facilities play a crucial role in renewable energy generation and international efforts to cut carbon emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaic_power_stations |
Photovoltaic power stations | Photovoltaic power stations are large-scale facilities that turn sunlight straight into electricity using solar panels. They play a vital role in sustainable power creation, lessening dependence on non-renewable energy sources, and lowering greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_stations |
Environmental issues | Environmental issues encompass a wide range of issues such as waste, climate change, and forest loss that threaten the health of our planet. Addressing these problems requires collective efforts to promote eco-friendly methods and protect wild habitats. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues |
Renewable energy | Green energy comes from eco-friendly origins that are constantly replenished, such as the sun, air currents, and hydroelectric power. It offers a sustainable alternative to traditional fuels, decreasing ecological footprint and supporting long-term energy security. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy |
Non-renewable energy | Non-renewable energy sources, such as lignite, oil, and methane, are non-replenishable supplies formed over millions of years and are consumed when used. They are the primary energy sources for power production and mobility but pose environmental and renewability challenges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_energy |
Electricity generation | Electricity generation involves converting various power sources such as coal, oil, and natural gas, atomic energy, and green energy into electrical power. This process usually takes place in power stations where rotating machinery and generators work together to produce electricity for power distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_generation |
Heavy metals | Heavy metals are dense, harmful elements such as plumbum, quicksilver, Cd, and As that pose significant health and environmental risks due to their persistence and bioaccumulation. They are commonly found in industrial emissions, contaminated water, and certain consumer products, requiring careful management to prevent adverse effects. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metals |
Solar-cell efficiency | Solar panel effectiveness measures how effectively a solar panel converts sunlight into usable electrical energy. Improving this Solar-cell efficiency is key for increasing renewable energy production and reducing reliance on non-renewable resources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-cell_efficiency |
Photoelectric effect | The photoelectric effect occurs when light shining on a metallic surface ejects electrons from that surface, demonstrating the particle nature of light. This event provided key evidence for the development of quantum physics by showing that photon energy is quantized. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_effect |
Accelerated life testing | Accelerated life testing involves subjecting products to higher-than-normal stresses to rapidly assess their durability and predict their lifespan under normal conditions. This method helps detect potential failures and improve product reliability efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated_life_testing |
Growth of photovoltaics | The increase of solar energy systems has sped up rapidly over the past decade, driven by innovations and reducing prices. This development is transforming the global energy landscape by increasing the share of sustainable solar power in electricity generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_of_photovoltaics |
Utility-scale solar | Utility-scale solar refers to large solar power facilities intended to generate electricity on a business scale, providing power directly to the grid. These projects typically cover large areas and utilize solar panels or solar thermal systems to produce renewable energy effectively. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility-scale_solar |
Lens (optics) | A optical element is a clear component that bending light to converge or diverge rays, forming images. It is frequently used in instruments like camera units, glasses, and microscopes to manipulate light for better vision and imaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics) |
Angle of incidence (optics) | The angle of incidence is the measure between an approaching light ray and the normal line orthogonal to the surface at the point of contact. It determines how light interacts with the surface, affecting reflection and refraction properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_incidence_(optics) |
Anti-reflective coating | Anti-glare coating is a coating applied to optical surfaces to minimize reflections and increase light flow. It boosts the sharpness and luminosity of screens by cutting down on stray reflections. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-reflective_coating |
Destructive interference | Destructive interference occurs when a pair of waves meet in such a way that their amplitudes cancel each other out, causing a decrease or total eradication of the resultant waveform. This phenomenon usually happens when the waveforms are not in phase by half a cycle. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destructive_interference |
Alternating Current | AC refers to a type of electrical flow that changes polarity, typically used in power supply systems. Its voltage varies following a sine wave as time progresses, enabling effective conveyance over long distances. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_Current |
Microinverter | A compact inverter is a tiny component used to transform direct current (DC) from a single solar panel into AC suitable for domestic use. It enhances system efficiency by maximizing energy production at the module level and eases setup and maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microinverter |
AC power | Alternating current power, or alternating current power, is electricity delivered through a network where the voltage and electric flow regularly reverse direction, enabling cost-effective transmission over extended ranges. It is commonly used in homes and industries to operate multiple appliances and machinery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_power |
DC connector | A direct current connector is a kind of electrical connector used to deliver direct current (DC) power from a power source to an device. It typically consists of a cylindrical plug and receptacle that provide a firm and dependable connection for various electronic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_connector |
Underwriters Laboratories | UL is a global safety approval agency that tests and endorses products to confirm they comply with particular safety norms. It helps consumers and businesses find dependable and secure products through rigorous assessment and testing processes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwriters_Laboratories |
Series circuits | Series circuits are electronic circuits in which parts are connected end-to-end, forming a single path for current. In this configuration, the constant current passes through all components, and the sum voltage is divided among them. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_circuits |
Parallel circuits | Parallel circuits are electronic circuits where elements are connected between the same voltage source, offering multiple channels for current flow. This configuration allows devices to operate autonomously, with the total current split among the branches. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_circuits |
Diode | A diode acts as a solid-state device that permits current to move in one way only, acting as a one-way valve for electrical current. It is used for rectification, signal demodulation, and voltage regulation in electronic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode |
Automobile auxiliary power outlet | An vehicle auxiliary power outlet is a connection, typically 12V, designed to supply electrical power for multiple devices and attachments inside of a vehicle. It permits users to power electronic electronics or use small devices when on the move. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_auxiliary_power_outlet |
USB | USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a technology for linking devices to PCs, allowing data transfer and power delivery. It supports a broad spectrum of devices such as keypads, mouses, external drives, and mobile phones, with multiple versions offering higher speeds and enhanced features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB |
Solar cell efficiency | Solar cell efficiency is the measure of the ratio of sunlight energy that a photovoltaic cell converts into usable energy. Boosting this efficiency is crucial for increasing energy output and making solar power economical and renewable. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell_efficiency |
National Renewable Energy Laboratory | The National Renewable Energy Laboratory is a U.S. DOE federal research facility dedicated to research and development in green energy and energy conservation technologies. It aims to advance developments in solar, wind power, biomass energy, and additional renewable sources to support a clean energy future. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory |
Electromagnetic spectrum | The EM spectrum encompasses the entire range of EM radiation, ranging from wireless signals to high-energy photons, each with varied lengths and energy levels. This range is crucial to many technologies and natural phenomena, enabling data exchange, diagnostic imaging, and insight into the cosmos. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum |
Ultraviolet | Ultraviolet light is a kind of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength shorter than the visible spectrum but longer than X-rays, primarily emitted by the solar radiation. It serves a crucial role in including vitamin D production but can also result in skin damage and photoaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet |
Infrared | Infrared radiation is a type of electromagnetic wave with extended wavelengths than visible light, primarily emitted as heat by objects. It is widely used in remote controls, thermal imaging, and various sensing technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared |
Monochromatic | Single-hued refers to a color palette based on shades of a single hue, using diverse shades, tints, and tones to create cohesion and connexion. This composition approach emphasizes minimalism and elegance by maintaining steady color elements throughout a composition. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochromatic |
Irradiance | Radiance refers to the strength of electromagnetic radiation per square unit incident on a surface, generally measured in watts per square meter. It is a important parameter in areas like solar energy, climate science, and photobiology, demonstrating the strength of sunlight hitting a specific surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiance |
W/m2 | W/m2 is a measurement unit used to calculate the magnitude of power or power received or emitted over a particular area, commonly in areas such as meteorology, astronomy, and engineering. It assists with comprehending the dispersion and transfer of power across areas, such as solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W/m2 |
Spectrum | Spectrum refers to the range of various hues or wavebands of electromagnetic radiation, perceptible or alternatively. It is commonly used to depict the spread of light or signal frequencies in multiple scientific and technological areas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum |
Airmass | An airmass is a substantial volume of air with relatively uniform temperature and humidity characteristics, originating from certain source zones. These air masses affect weather patterns and atmospheric situations as they travel over diverse areas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airmass |
Solar irradiance | Solar power is the quantification of the intensity per square kilometer received from the Sun in the manner of light. It fluctuates with solar activity and atmospheric factors on Earth, impacting climate and local weather. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance |
Soiling (solar energy) | Soiling in solar energy refers to the collection of dirt, and foreign matter on the exterior of solar arrays, which diminishes their output. Regular cleaning and care are essential to minimize energy loss and maintain best performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soiling_(solar_energy) |
Open-circuit voltage | Open-circuit voltage represents the maximum voltage accessible from a power source when no current is flowing, taken across its terminals. It indicates the potential difference of a device when it is disconnected from any load. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-circuit_voltage |
Short-circuit current | Short-circuit current is the peak electrical current that passes through a circuit when a low-resistance connection, or short circuit, occurs, bypassing the normal load. It presents a major safety hazard and can result in damage to electrical components if not properly controlled. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-circuit_current |
Watt-peak | Watt-peak (Wp) is a assessment of the maximum power capacity of a solar panel under ideal sunlight conditions. It indicates the module's peak capacity to produce electricity in typical testing setups . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt-peak |
Voltmeter | A voltmeter is an electrical instrument used to measure the potential difference between two locations in a electronic circuit. It is frequently utilized in various electrical and electronic applications to verify proper electrical potential | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltmeter |
Potential-induced degradation | Potential-induced degradation (PID) is a issue in photovoltaic modules where elevated voltage stress causes a notable reduction in energy production and efficiency. It occurs due to leakage currents and ion migration within the solar cell materials, leading to performance decline over time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential-induced_degradation |
Boron | Boron is a semi metallic chemical element essential for plant growth and used in multiple industrial uses, such as glassmaking and semiconductor manufacturing. It exhibits special chemical properties that make it useful in producing durable, heatproof materials. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron |
Photovoltaic mounting system | A photovoltaic mounting system securely supports photovoltaic modules, ensuring optimal tilt and orientation for best sunlight exposure. It is designed to withstand external conditions while providing a solid and durable foundation for solar energy installations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_mounting_system |
Solar power plant | A solar power plant captures sunlight using large collections of photovoltaic modules to create renewable electricity. It offers an eco-friendly energy source, cutting down reliance on fossil fuels and lowering greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_plant |
Agrivoltaics | Agrivoltaics is the integrated approach of using land for both solar energy generation and farming, optimizing space and resources. This method boosts crop production while concurrently producing renewable energy, fostering sustainable land use. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrivoltaics |
Bifacial solar cells | Bifacial photovoltaic cells are solar panels designed to harvest sunlight from both their front and rear surfaces, improving overall energy generation. They are commonly positioned in a way that improves effectiveness by leveraging albedo reflection and reflected rays from the environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifacial_solar_cells |
Solar canopy | A solar-powered canopy is a structure that provides cover while producing electricity through embedded solar panels. It is often installed in parking lots, walkways, or open spaces to blend environmental benefits with practical design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_canopy |
Solar array | A solar panel system is a collection of several photovoltaic modules configured to generate electricity from sunlight. It is commonly used in sustainable power systems to generate renewable, sustainable power for different applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_array |
Patio cover | A patio cover is a construction that offers shade and protection from the conditions for al fresco areas. It boosts the practicality and aesthetic appeal of a terrace, making it a comfortable space for leisure and socializing. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patio_cover |
Zenith angle | The angle measured from directly overhead is the angle between the vertical direction directly overhead and the line of sight to a heavenly body. It is employed in astronomy and meteorology to describe the position of bodies in the sky relative to an spectator. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenith_angle |
Azimuth angle | The azimuth angle is a azimuth measured clockwise a reference heading, typically true north, to the line linking an viewer to a destination. It is often used in wayfinding, land measurement, and celestial observation to define the orientation of an celestial body with respect to the viewer. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimuth_angle |
Occupational hazards of solar panel installation | Installing solar panels exposes workers to risks such as height falls and electrical shocks, requiring proper safety measures. Additionally, exposure to harsh weather conditions and potential musculoskeletal injuries pose significant Occupational hazards of solar panel installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_hazards_of_solar_panel_installation |
Cadmium telluride | Cadmium telluride is a semiconductor material commonly employed in thin-film solar panels due to its high efficiency and cost-effectiveness. It demonstrates outstanding optical characteristics, making it a popular option for solar applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride |
List of photovoltaics companies | An catalog of photovoltaics companies features the leading manufacturers and suppliers focused on solar panel technology and renewable energy solutions across the globe. These companies are key in promoting solar energy integration and innovation across different markets. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaics_companies |
Gigawatt | A GW is a quantity of electricity equal to one billion W, used to measure large-scale energy output and usage. It is commonly associated with power plants, power grids, and significant energy initiatives worldwide. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigawatt |
First Solar | The company First Solar is a global leader in solar energy solutions, expert in producing thin film solar modules that offer high efficiency and affordable energy production. The firm is dedicated to eco-friendly energy development and cutting down the world's reliance on fossil fuels through innovative solar technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Solar |
GCL System Integration Technology | GCL System Integration Technology specializes in effortlessly integrating various parts of industrial and automation systems to boost performance and dependability. It aims on developing advanced solutions that enable smooth communication and cooperation among diverse tech platforms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCL_System_Integration_Technology |
Shunfeng Photovoltaic | Shunfeng Photovoltaic is a leading Chinese company expert in the manufacturing and development of solar solar items and systems. Renowned for its advanced technology and green energy projects in the renewables industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunfeng_Photovoltaic |
GigaWatt | GigaWatt is a measurement of power equal to 1,000,000,000 W, often employed to describe the potential of massive power generation or usage. It highlights the vast power magnitude involved in modern power framework and tech. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GigaWatt |
Experience curve effects | Experience curve effects refer to the effect where the production cost decreases as total output grows, due to learning curve and efficiencies achieved over time. This effect highlights the significance of learned skills in lowering costs and enhancing efficiency in industrial processes and other operations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experience_curve_effects |
Photovoltaics | Photovoltaic systems convert sunlight directly into electricity through semiconductor materials, primarily silicon. This method is a pure, sustainable energy source that aids lessen reliance on fossil fuels and decreases greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics |
Grid parity | Grid parity occurs when the expense of producing solar or wind energy becomes the same as or lower than the expense of buying power from the power grid. Achieving Grid parity means that green energy sources are cost-effectively competitive with conventional fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_parity |
Mains electricity | Mains electricity is the standard electrical power supplied to homes and enterprises through a system of power lines, delivering a consistent source of energy for different appliances. It typically operates at a voltage of around 120V or 230V, according to the region, and is transmitted through alternating current. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mains_electricity |
Balance of system | Balance of system (BOS) refers to all elements of a solar power system apart from the photovoltaic panels, comprising inverters, racking, wiring, and additional electrical hardware. It is essential for securing the effective and consistent operation of a solar energy installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_of_system |
Solar energy | Solar energy is captured from the solar radiation using solar cells to produce electricity or through solar heating systems to generate heat. It represents a green, sustainable, and environmentally friendly energy source that reduces reliance on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy |
Applications of photovoltaics | Photovoltaics are widely utilized in residential, business, and manufacturing sites to produce clean, eco-friendly electricity from sunlight. They also drive remote and off-grid locations, offering green energy solutions where conventional power grids are absent. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications_of_photovoltaics |
List of solar-powered products | A catalog of sun-powered products features a selection of devices that harness sunlight to produce energy, supporting environmentally friendly and eco-conscious living. These items include covering solar chargers and lights to appliances and outdoor tools, delivering versatile alternatives for power needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_solar-powered_products |
Photovoltaic power station | An solar energy facility is a installation that transforms sunlight directly into electricity using photovoltaic panels. It is a renewable energy source that aids in decreasing reliance on non-renewable energy and limits greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_station |
Solar hybrid power systems | Solar hybrid power systems merge solar panels with other energy sources, such as wind or diesel generators, to ensure a reliable and efficient power supply. They maximize energy use by managing renewable resources and backup options, cutting reliance on fossil fuels and cutting overall emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_hybrid_power_systems |
Concentrated photovoltaics | CPV use optical lenses and mirrors to focus sunlight onto highly efficient solar cells, greatly enhancing power output from a smaller area. This method is highly suitable in areas with direct, strong sunlight and offers a viable solution to reducing solar power costs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrated_photovoltaics |